reference strain s aureus atcc 43300  (ATCC)

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

Figure Lengend Snippet: Effects of azeliragon on the in vitro growth of S. pneumoniae . Dose–response relationships of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) following treatment with increasing concentrations of azeliragon. Bacterial growth was measured after 18 h of incubation and expressed as OD 600 . Effects of azeliragon on the growth kinetics of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or with different concentrations of azeliragon, and OD 600 was recorded at indicated time points to generate growth curves. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with three independent biological replicates ( n = 3). “ns” represented no significant difference, ** p < 0.01.

Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

Techniques: In Vitro, Incubation, Bacteria, Cell Culture, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

Figure Lengend Snippet: Time-kill activity and biofilm disruption effects of azeliragon against S. pneumoniae . Time-kill curves of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (A) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (B) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (C) treated with azeliragon (4× MIC). Bacteria were cultured under control conditions or treated with azeliragon (4× MIC) or vancomycin (4× MIC), and viable counts (CFU/mL) were determined at indicated time points. Effects of azeliragon (4× MIC) on biofilm biomass of S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 (D) , S. pneumoniae 1057 (E) , and S. pneumoniae 1044 (F) . Mature biofilms were treated with the indicated drugs for 24 h and quantified by crystal violet staining. Results are expressed as OD₅₇₀. Data were presented as mean ± SD. Data were presented as mean ± SD. The experiments were performed with six independent biological replicates ( n = 6). Group comparisons for biofilm assays were analyzed by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. “ns” represented no significant difference, *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

Techniques: Activity Assay, Disruption, Bacteria, Cell Culture, Control, Staining, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Medicine

Article Title: Protective effects of the RAGE inhibitor azeliragon as a potential anti- Streptococcus pneumoniae therapeutic in sepsis models

doi: 10.3389/fmed.2026.1793580

Figure Lengend Snippet: In vivo protective effects of azeliragon in a mouse infection model. (A) Determination of the infectious dose of S. pneumoniae 1044. (B) Therapeutic efficacy of azeliragon in the pneumonia model. (C) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619. Mice received vehicle control, bacterial control, azeliragon (5 mg/kg or 10 mg/kg), or vancomycin (10 mg/kg). Each group contained 10 mice. Survival was monitored continuously. (D) Seven-day survival curves of mice with sepsis induced by the clinical S. pneumoniae isolate 1044. Experimental groups and treatments were identical to those in (A) . Survival data were plotted using the Kaplan–Meier method, and statistical significance was determined using the log-rank (Mantel–Cox) test. “ns” represented no significant difference, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: To further assess the effects of azeliragon on pneumococcal growth, the reference strain S. pneumoniae ATCC 49619 and two clinical isolates (1057 and 1044) were examined under different drug concentrations.

Techniques: In Vivo, Infection, Drug discovery, Control